The customer who slipped on the wet floor.
Someone comes through your door, hits a just-mopped tile, and goes down. A week later there is a letter from a lawyer. Without liability coverage, the medical bills, the defense, and the negotiating are all yours to carry. With it, the policy handles the claim.
General liability
The client who says the work was wrong.
"This isn't what we agreed." Then: "and it cost us." Even when you are right, defending yourself costs money and months. Professional liability is the coverage that shows up for the argument about your work, not the argument about a fall.
Professional liability / E&O
The landlord who won't sign without a certificate.
The space is perfect. The lease says "tenant shall maintain commercial general liability… and name landlord as additional insured." No certificate of insurance, no keys. This is the week most owners call us, and it can move fast when the policy is already in place.
GL or BOP + certificate
The vendor contract that demands $1M / $2M.
A purchase order, a GC agreement, or a marketplace listing that requires "$1,000,000 per occurrence / $2,000,000 aggregate" and proof before you start. Those numbers are limits the contract wants to see, not what the coverage costs. We match the policy to the paper.
Limits + certificate
The fire that closes the shop for six weeks.
The neighbor's kitchen fire, the smoke and water through the shared wall. Property coverage rebuilds the fixtures and inventory; business interruption keeps rent and payroll going while the doors are shut. One without the other leaves a gap you feel by week two.
Property + interruption
The phishing email that emptied the ops account.
It looked exactly like your supplier's invoice, with a "new remittance account." Or the point-of-sale vendor emails that card data may have been exposed. Cyber coverage, with the funds-transfer add-on, is what responds when the technology and the people around it are fooled.
Cyber liability